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During a recent Linux forensic engagement, a colleague asked if there was anyway to tell what packages were installed on a victim image. As we talk about in FOR577, depending on which tool you run on a live system and how you define "installed" you may get different answers, but at least on the live system you can use things like apt list or dpkg -l or rpm -qa or whatever to try to list them, but if all you have is a disk image, what do you do? So after some research, I initially put together 2 scripts, one to pull info from /var/lib/dpkg/status on Debian/Ubuntu-family systems and another to look through /var/lib/yum/yumdb to try to pull that info from RHEL/CentOS boxes that use yum, but then I remembered that Fedora uses dnf instead of yum and when I found a Fedora image I realized that dnf doesn&#39&#x3b;t use /var/lib/yum/yumdb. I finally combined my original 2 into a single script and playing around for a bit figured out that the dnf info is kept in a sqlite db in /var/lib/dnf. So, I&#39&#x3b;m putting another new tool out there. This one can handle all 3 of the above cases. If anyone wants to help out with figuring out where other distros (not based on these 3 families) hide this data, feel free to share and I&#39&#x3b;ll update, but these 3 handle the vast majority of cases that I run across and probably the vast majority of clound Linux instances, so I figure it is a good place to start.

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View CSAF 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v4 6.9 ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity Vendor: Rockwell Automation Equipment: FactoryTalk View ME Vulnerability: Cross-site Scripting 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to the loss of view or control of the PanelView product. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following versions of FactoryTalk View ME, an HMI software application, are affected: FactoryTalk View ME: prior to v14 3.2 Vulnerability Overview 3.2.1 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') CWE-79 A vulnerability exists in the affected product that allows a malicious user to restart the PanelView Plus 7 terminal remotely without security protections. If the vulnerability is exploited, it could lead to the loss of view or control of the PanelView product. CVE-2024-21914 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L). CVE-2024-21914 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v4 base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 3.4 RESEARCHER Rockwell Automation reported this vulnerability to CISA. 4. MITIGATIONS Rockwell Automation recommends users update to the latest version: FactoryTalk View ME: V11 FactoryTalk View ME: V12 FactoryTalk View ME: V13 FactoryTalk View ME: V14 Rockwell Automation recommends users of the affected software, who are not able to upgrade to one of the corrected versions, to apply security best practices, where possible. For more information, see Rockwell Automation's security advisory. CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. 5. UPDATE HISTORY March 26, 2024: Initial Publication

View CSAF 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v4 8.7 ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity Vendor: Rockwell Automation Equipment: PowerFlex 527 Vulnerabilities: Improper Input Validation, Uncontrolled Resource Consumption 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of this these vulnerabilities could crash the device and require a manual restart to recover. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS Rockwell Automation reports that the following versions of PowerFlex 527 adjustable frequency AC drives are affected: PowerFlex 527: Versions v2.001.x and later 3.2 Vulnerability Overview 3.2.1 Improper Input Validation CWE-120 A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the PowerFlex 527 due to improper input validation in the device. If exploited, the web server will crash and need a manual restart to recover it. CVE-2024-2425 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). A CVSS v4 score has been calculated for CVE-2024-2425. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.2.2 Improper Input Validation CWE-120 A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the PowerFlex 527 due to improper input validation in the device. If exploited, a disruption in the CIP communication will occur and a manual restart will be required by the user to recover it. CVE-2024-2426 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). A CVSS v4 score has been calculated for CVE-2024-2426. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.2.3 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption CWE-400 A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the PowerFlex 527 due to improper traffic throttling in the device. If multiple data packets are sent to the device repeatedly the device will crash and require a manual restart to recover. CVE-2024-2427 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). A CVSS v4 score has been calculated for CVE-2024-2427. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). 3.3 BACKGROUND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States 3.4 RESEARCHER Rockwell Automation reported these vulnerabilities to CISA. 4. MITIGATIONS Rockwell Automation does not currently have a fix for these vulnerabilities. Users of the affected software are encouraged to apply risk mitigations and security best practices, where possible. Implement network segmentation confirming the device is on an isolated network. Disable the web server, if not needed. The web server is disabled by default. Disabling this feature is available in v2.001.x and later. Security Best Practices For more information, visit Rockwell Automation's security advisory page. CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this these vulnerabilities. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. 5. UPDATE HISTORY March 26, 2024: Initial Publication